512 research outputs found
Trinity Church, Huntington, West Virginia: Something of Its Story
This is Chapters XI-XIV of Haworth\u27s history of Trinity Episcopal Church from its beginnings in 1869 through the early 1960s. The book focuses primarily on the rectors who have served the church over the years; there are also chapters with such titles as “The Building of the Church,” “The Vestrymen,” “The Women,” and “The Sunday School.”https://mds.marshall.edu/tyler_sroger/1003/thumbnail.jp
Trinity Church, Huntington, West Virginia: Something of Its Story
This is Chapter XVI of Haworth\u27s history of Trinity Episcopal Church from its beginnings in 1869 through the early 1960s. The book focuses primarily on the rectors who have served the church over the years; there are also chapters with such titles as “The Building of the Church,” “The Vestrymen,” “The Women,” and “The Sunday School.”https://mds.marshall.edu/atkinson_robertpoland/1003/thumbnail.jp
WeatherNet: Recognising weather and visual conditions from street-level images using deep residual learning
Extracting information related to weather and visual conditions at a given
time and space is indispensable for scene awareness, which strongly impacts our
behaviours, from simply walking in a city to riding a bike, driving a car, or
autonomous drive-assistance. Despite the significance of this subject, it is
still not been fully addressed by the machine intelligence relying on deep
learning and computer vision to detect the multi-labels of weather and visual
conditions with a unified method that can be easily used for practice. What has
been achieved to-date is rather sectorial models that address limited number of
labels that do not cover the wide spectrum of weather and visual conditions.
Nonetheless, weather and visual conditions are often addressed individually. In
this paper, we introduce a novel framework to automatically extract this
information from street-level images relying on deep learning and computer
vision using a unified method without any pre-defined constraints in the
processed images. A pipeline of four deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
models, so-called the WeatherNet, is trained, relying on residual learning
using ResNet50 architecture, to extract various weather and visual conditions
such as Dawn/dusk, day and night for time detection, and glare for lighting
conditions, and clear, rainy, snowy, and foggy for weather conditions. The
WeatherNet shows strong performance in extracting this information from
user-defined images or video streams that can be used not limited to:
autonomous vehicles and drive-assistance systems, tracking behaviours,
safety-related research, or even for better understanding cities through images
for policy-makers.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
Rapid radiative clearing of protoplanetary discs
The lack of observed transition discs with inner gas holes of radii greater
than ~50AU implies that protoplanetary discs dispersed from the inside out must
remove gas from the outer regions rapidly. We investigate the role of
photoevaporation in the final clearing of gas from low mass discs with inner
holes. In particular, we study the so-called "thermal sweeping" mechanism which
results in rapid clearing of the disc. Thermal sweeping was originally thought
to arise when the radial and vertical pressure scale lengths at the X-ray
heated inner edge of the disc match. We demonstrate that this criterion is not
fundamental. Rather, thermal sweeping occurs when the pressure maximum at the
inner edge of the dust heated disc falls below the maximum possible pressure of
X-ray heated gas (which depends on the local X-ray flux). We derive new
critical peak volume and surface density estimates for rapid radiative clearing
which, in general, result in rapid dispersal happening less readily than in
previous estimates. This less efficient clearing of discs by X-ray driven
thermal sweeping leaves open the issue of what mechanism can clear gas from the
outer disc sufficiently quickly to explain the non-detection of cold gas around
weak line T Tauri stars.Comment: 13 pages, Accepted for publication in MNRA
predictSLUMS: A new model for identifying and predicting informal settlements and slums in cities from street intersections using machine learning
Identifying current and future informal regions within cities remains a
crucial issue for policymakers and governments in developing countries. The
delineation process of identifying such regions in cities requires a lot of
resources. While there are various studies that identify informal settlements
based on satellite image classification, relying on both supervised or
unsupervised machine learning approaches, these models either require multiple
input data to function or need further development with regards to precision.
In this paper, we introduce a novel method for identifying and predicting
informal settlements using only street intersections data, regardless of the
variation of urban form, number of floors, materials used for construction or
street width. With such minimal input data, we attempt to provide planners and
policy-makers with a pragmatic tool that can aid in identifying informal zones
in cities. The algorithm of the model is based on spatial statistics and a
machine learning approach, using Multinomial Logistic Regression (MNL) and
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The proposed model relies on defining
informal settlements based on two ubiquitous characteristics that these regions
tend to be filled in with smaller subdivided lots of housing relative to the
formal areas within the local context, and the paucity of services and
infrastructure within the boundary of these settlements that require relatively
bigger lots. We applied the model in five major cities in Egypt and India that
have spatial structures in which informality is present. These cities are
Greater Cairo, Alexandria, Hurghada and Minya in Egypt, and Mumbai in India.
The predictSLUMS model shows high validity and accuracy for identifying and
predicting informality within the same city the model was trained on or in
different ones of a similar context.Comment: 26 page
Uncertainty Quantification in the Road-Level Traffic Risk Prediction by Spatial-Temporal Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Graph Neural Network(STZINB-GNN) (Short Paper)
Urban road-based risk prediction is a crucial yet challenging aspect of research in transportation safety. While most existing studies emphasize accurate prediction, they often overlook the importance of model uncertainty. In this paper, we introduce a novel Spatial-Temporal Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Graph Neural Network (STZINB-GNN) for road-level traffic risk prediction, with a focus on uncertainty quantification. Our case study, conducted in the Lambeth borough of London, UK, demonstrates the superior performance of our approach in comparison to existing methods. Although the negative binomial distribution may not be the most suitable choice for handling real, non-binary risk levels, our work lays a solid foundation for future research exploring alternative distribution models or techniques. Ultimately, the STZINB-GNN contributes to enhanced transportation safety and data-driven decision-making in urban planning by providing a more accurate and reliable framework for road-level traffic risk prediction and uncertainty quantification
Spatiotemporal Graph Neural Networks with Uncertainty Quantification for Traffic Incident Risk Prediction
Predicting traffic incident risks at granular spatiotemporal levels is
challenging. The datasets predominantly feature zero values, indicating no
incidents, with sporadic high-risk values for severe incidents. Notably, a
majority of current models, especially deep learning methods, focus solely on
estimating risk values, overlooking the uncertainties arising from the
inherently unpredictable nature of incidents. To tackle this challenge, we
introduce the Spatiotemporal Zero-Inflated Tweedie Graph Neural Networks
(STZITD-GNNs). Our model merges the reliability of traditional statistical
models with the flexibility of graph neural networks, aiming to precisely
quantify uncertainties associated with road-level traffic incident risks. This
model strategically employs a compound model from the Tweedie family, as a
Poisson distribution to model risk frequency and a Gamma distribution to
account for incident severity. Furthermore, a zero-inflated component helps to
identify the non-incident risk scenarios. As a result, the STZITD-GNNs
effectively capture the dataset's skewed distribution, placing emphasis on
infrequent but impactful severe incidents. Empirical tests using real-world
traffic data from London, UK, demonstrate that our model excels beyond current
benchmarks. The forte of STZITD-GNN resides not only in its accuracy but also
in its adeptness at curtailing uncertainties, delivering robust predictions
over short (7 days) and extended (14 days) timeframes
Integrated digital avionics to improve aircraft environmental control systems
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77327/1/AIAA-46929-196.pd
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